Isomerization
Isomerization- a catalytic process of restructuring the hydrocarbon skeleton, in which linear paraffins are converted into branched isomers with a higher octane number.
Purpose
The process is applied to the light gasoline fraction—the pentane-hexane portion—which, after atmospheric distillation, has an octane number of about 60–70. Isomerization raises it to 83–92 without aromatic hydrocarbons and sulfur, which is important for modern gasoline requirements.
Catalysts and conditions
- low temperature - platinum on chlorinated alumina, 120–180 °C;
- high temperature - zeolite, 250–300 °C;
- pressure - from 1.5 to 3.5 MPa depending on the circuit;
- recycling of isomers to increase the degree of conversion.
Products
The main components are isopentane and isohexanes, as well as hydrogen-containing gas. The isomerization product is a valuable component of commercial gasoline: it increases the octane number and reduces the benzene content in the mixture.
Communication with other processes
Isomerization usually complementscatalytic reforming: the light part of the gasoline fraction is sent for isomerization, and the middle and heavy part is sent for reforming. This combination makes it possible to obtain high-octane gasoline with a limited aromatic content.
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