Hydrotreating
Hydrotreating(hydrotreatment) - catalytic treatment of oil fractions with hydrogen, during which sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen and some metals are removed from the raw material.
Why is it needed?
Sulfur in fuel poisons catalysts, causes corrosion and produces sulfur dioxide emissions during combustion. Modern requirements limit the sulfur content in diesel fuel to ten parts per million, so hydrotreating has become a mandatory refining step.
Chemistry and catalysts
Sulfur compounds turn into hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen compounds into ammonia, and oxygen-containing compounds into water. Catalysts are sulfided cobalt-molybdenum and nickel-molybdenum systems on a carrier. Temperature - 300-400 °C, pressure - 2-5 MPa, hydrogen supply - in excess.
What is cleaned
- diesel fractions - up to a sulfur content of 10 ppm and below;
- gasoline fractions and reforming raw materials - from sulfur and nitrogen;
- kerosene and raw materials for fuel production;
- vacuum gas oils - before catalytic cracking.
Side streams
The circulating hydrogen-containing gas is purified from hydrogen sulfide by amine washing, and the hydrogen sulfide is sent for sulfur production. That is why hydrotreating is usually designed in conjunction with a desulfurization unit and a sulfur production unit.
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